Krasna Photo Collection - en:ebook:herkunft

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-15T16:28:25+00:00

The Origin of the Krasna Colonists and their Migration to Krasna Author: Eduard Volk, Neuwied, Germany (c) 2019 (following the book “Krasna”, completed in 2007, based on sources known until 2019) Impressions of Bessarabia and Krasna

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-11-09T08:38:39+00:00

Notes on this book Search in the English version of the book Die Herkunft der Krasnaer Kolonisten und ihre Wanderung nach Krasna ...🔎 How can I search? ... ---------- Enlarge font Reduce font To the top, to the top of the page Down, to the end of the page I have been studying the history of Orzechowo for several years and am also interested in finding information about who lived in this village. So far I have found information about the population of Orzechowo in 1905, which s…

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-10-05T10:03:51+00:00

Contents * The Origin of the Krasna Colonists and their Migration to Krasna * Notes on this book * Contents * 1 The Krasna colonists * 1.1 Their Origin in Central Europe * 1.2 Two groups of emigrants to Krasna can be distinguished * 1.3 Krasna immigrant families * 1.4 Origin of Krasna ancestors and their migration to Krasna * 2 The migration of Krasna ancestors to Poland * 2.1 Polish Partitions 1772 - 1795 * 2.2 Emigration to Galicia 1784 * 2.3 Emigration to Prussian Po…

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:14:40+00:00

1 The Krasna colonists * 1 The Krasna colonists * 1.1 Their Origin in Central Europe * 1.2 Two groups of emigrants to Krasna can be distinguished * 1.3 Krasna immigrant families * 1.4 Origin of Krasna ancestors and their migration to Krasna

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:50:07+00:00

1.1 Their Origin in Central Europe Most of the early Krasna families originally came from Baden, northern Alsace, the Saar/Palatinate region, and the Westerwald/Taunus area (in what was then the Principality of Nassau). These areas suffered repeatedly from military conflicts with all the associated negative consequences from the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War until the beginning of the 19th century.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:48:52+00:00

1.2 Two groups of emigrants to Krasna can be distinguished * The first group includes families who moved to Poland at the end of the 18th, beginning of the 19th century to then Austrian or Prussian regions. In 1814, members of these families moved on from these areas, now called the Duchy of Warsaw, to Bessarabia, which had been conquered by Russia in 1812. These ancestors took family members from local communities in Poland and with them on the migration.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:47:57+00:00

1.3 Krasna immigrant families a) German-born Warsaw colonists (not included are the 19 Lutheran families who went to Katzbach in 1825) If no place is mentioned, then it is currently unknown. No.Family name Origin from Germany\ incl. Alsace Emigration\ to Poland

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:09:23+00:00

1.4 Origin of Krasna ancestors and their migration to Krasna (as far as ascertainable so far):

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:16:18+00:00

2 The migration of Krasna ancestors to Poland Strictly speaking, the history of Krasna begins a good 40 years before the actual founding of the village, namely during the Polish Partitions, because they were the starting point for the migration of the Krasna people from Germany to Bessarabia.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T07:31:53+00:00

2.1 Polish Partitions 1772 - 1795 Poland was the second largest state in Europe in the period before 1772. From 1795 Poland no longer existed as an independent state. Its territory had been divided in three partitions (1772, 1793, 1795) between Prussia, Austria and Russia.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:41:15+00:00

2.2 Emigration to Galicia 1784 Galicia had emerged as an Austrian crown land after the partition of Poland (1772-1795). * In the first partition of Poland (1772), Austria received the southern half of Lesser Poland, the pledged territory of Spiš, and Galicia, and combined these territories to form the crown land of Galicia.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:44:00+00:00

2.3 Emigration to Prussian Poland Prussia received larger Polish territories in three steps during the partitions of Poland. * Immediately after the first partition of Poland in 1772, Frederick the Great began to settle West Prussia and the Netzegau

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:46:32+00:00

2.3.1 Emigration 1799-1806 to South Prussia Starting in 1798, the recruitment of settlers for the newly won territories from the second and third partition of Poland took place: South Prussia and New East Prussia. * The Prussian state transferred colonist positions on newly established

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T07:35:31+00:00

2.3.2 Emigration 1802 - 1805 to New East Prussia New East Prussia was created after the Third Partition of Poland (1795) and roughly comprised the historical voivodeships of Podlaskie and Mazovia between East Prussia and the rivers Memel and Bug. The province existed until 1806 after the defeat of Prussia by Napoleon.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T14:55:03+00:00

2.4 Regions and places in Poland where later Krasna families lived temporarily

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T12:54:09+00:00

2.4.1 Settlement areas where later Krasna people lived Krasna settlers came from these areas. Proven are: * e.g. Baldus, Becker, Hartmann, Heidrich, Hein, Maas, Müller, Wagner, Wingenbach * e.g. Schlick * e.g. Deichert, * e.g. Brandt, Meers, Riehl, Ritz, Rückert

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T15:02:35+00:00

2.4.2 Polish places from which later Krasna people came Der Krasnaer Gemeindebericht von 1848 says that the Krasna families came to Bessarabia from Orschokowin and Schitanitz. It is true that most of the Krasna first immigrants came from Orschokowin/Orzechowo and Schitanitz/Sitaniec. But as the above map shows, some come from other areas as well.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T15:09:04+00:00

2.4.2.1 Krasnaer from Sitaniec (Galicia) About Sitaniec and the other places of origin of Krasnaer in the Zamość area has been reported in detail in the book “Krasna”. Births and marriages of later Krasnaers can be found in the church records of the Zamość region.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T07:43:47+00:00

2.4.2.2 Krasna people from Orzechowo (South Prussia) When the book „Krasna“ was published, the location of Orschokowin was not known. Meanwhile we know its location. We must keep in mind that the place called „Orschokowin“ has come down to us in spoken version, from which the correct spelling differs. Tatsächlich heißt der Ort

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T16:25:09+00:00

2.4.2.3 Krasnaer from Luisenau and Wilhelmsdorf (New East Prussia) Another larger group of Krasna immigrant families came from the area of Ostrow, then New East Prussia (today Ostrów Mazowiecka, county seat in Mazovian Voivodeship).\ Frederick William III, who took over the government in 1797, devoted his main attention to colonization of this sparsely populated land. The territory was surveyed and divided into settler sites.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T16:26:04+00:00

2.4.2.4 Krasna residents from other places From other regions of Central Poland (Lodz, Warsaw, Radom) only single or few families moved to Krasna.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-27T16:26:54+00:00

3 The geopolitical situation around 1806 -1813 in Eastern Europe Before going into the Krasna story in more detail, it is necessary to look at the geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe at that time. * 3 The geopolitical situation around 1806 -1813 in Eastern Europe * 3.1 Napoleon creates the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 * 3.2 Around 1812 Napoleon rules Europe, Russia wins Bessarabia * 3.2.1 Around 1812 Napoleon rules over Europe * 3.2.2 Russia wins Bessarabia in 1812

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T08:03:08+00:00

3.1 Napoleon creates the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 After the end of the Fourth Coalition War, which Prussia and Russia lost to Napoleon; Peace of Tilsit (1807), Napoleon established the so-called Duchy of Warsaw This French satellite state included mainly the area of the former Prussian provinces of

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T10:11:08+00:00

3.2 Around 1812 Napoleon rules Europe, Russia wins Bessarabia

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T10:12:30+00:00

3.2.1 Around 1812 Napoleon rules over Europe France under Napoleon had Europe in its grip as you can see from the map below. can be seen. Many regions suffered hardship. His arm reached as far as Poland. Napoleon began the Russian campaign from Polish territory in June 1812.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T10:16:42+00:00

3.2.2 Russia wins Bessarabia in 1812 Russia fought the 7th Russo-Turkish War between 1806 and 1812. On May 28, 1812, Russia had to conclude the Peace of Bucharest in order to focus on the expected attack by Napoleon. Russia was granted the eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia (called Eastern Moldavia in map) and the Budshak.\ The border between the Ottoman Empire and Russia now no longer ran along the Dniester River, but 100 km to 125 km further west, along the Prut River.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T12:15:57+00:00

4 Onward migration of the later Krasna colonists from Poland to Bessarabia * 4 Weiterwanderung der späteren Krasnaer Kolonisten aus Polen nach Bessarabien * 4.1 Beginn der Geschichte von Krasna * 4.2 Die Weiterwanderung nach Krasna beginnt * 4.3 Auswanderungsgründe der Siedler im Herzogtum Warschau * 4.4 Die Reise von Polen nach Bessarabien im Jahr 1814 * 4.5 Unterbringung der Krasnaer Einwanderer in Moldauerdörfern 1814-1816 * 4.6 Einweisung in die Kolonie

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T10:21:13+00:00

4.1 Beginning of the history of Krasna The actual history of Krasna began with the Tsar's appeal of 29. 11. 1813 to the Germans in the Duchy of Warsaw. Many German settlers were in a desperate situation in the Duchy of Warsaw as described above. When the Russians came to Poland in 1813, these settlers had gone through very troubled/difficult times:

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T12:17:11+00:00

4.2 The onward migration to Krasna begins Many took the opportunity to escape their misery and start a new beginning. They left their barely acquired homeland in Poland and in 1814 moved from Galicia, South and New East Prussia (territories combined in the Duchy of Warsaw since 1807/1809) to Bessarabia as so-called Warsaw colonists and founded the colony of Krasna.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T08:08:57+00:00

4.3 Reasons for emigration of settlers in the Duchy of Warsaw In the sections 3.1 Napoleon creates the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and 4.1 Beginning of the history of Krasna the difficult situation of the colonists was already mentioned. When the Russians came to Poland in 1813, they had gone through very troubled times. From this situation arose the motives for the onward migration of the people to Bessarabia. The emigrants themselves recorded in the community reports of 1848:

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T10:48:30+00:00

4.4 The Journey from Poland to Bessarabia in 1814 Excerpt from the Krasna municipal report of 1848: „Following this call (call of the Tsar of 1813) the mentioned settlers - 133 families in poor and oppressive circumstances, but looking forward to a better future, left their Polish settlements Orschokowin/Orzechowo and Schitanitz in 1814 under the leadership of Mattheis Müller and Peter Becker

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T10:56:48+00:00

4.5 Accommodation of Krasna immigrants in Moldovan villages 1814-1816 What a disappointment! Our emigrants could not immediately go to their new colony. The promised home did not yet exist. At that time, the Russian government had by no means completed its preparations for housing the colonists.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T12:10:50+00:00

4.6 Induction into the colony Nevertheless, probably as soon as the colonists arrived in September 1814, they were admitted to their colony, although only a few settlers were able to move to Krasna immediately because the designated plots were not free.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T12:12:01+00:00

5 The early years of Krasna * 5 The early years of Krasna * 5.1 The first years in the colony until about 1820 * 5.2 The development of the colony until 1843 * 5.3 Strong turnover of colonists in the first 25 years * 5.3.1 Returnees to Poland * 5.3.2 Arrival of other colonists * 5.3.3 Lutheran families from Krasna resettle in Katzbach in 1824/1825 * 5.3.4 Removal of colonists from Krasna in 1843 * 5.3.5 Influx of 22 families from Odessa colonies around 1843

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T08:36:31+00:00

5.1 The first years in the colony until about 1820 The Krasna people had to cope with a heavy disappointment at first when they arrived at their future place of residence. * For instead of the “promised land,” the settlers now found themselves in a wasteland.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T08:45:23+00:00

5.2 The development of the colony until 1843 We have the first official data on the development of the Krasna colony from 1818: „Statistical news about the Warsaw colonies settled in Bessarabia proper or Budshak“ (State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, Fond 383, Inventory 29, File 417). They contain data on the development of the colonies established until 1818. Here are the data on Krasna:

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T13:46:24+00:00

5.3 Strong turnover of colonists in the first 25 years There were several reasons for the high turnover of colonists until 1843. The main cause was the arduous first years in the colony. This was due to poor equipment, tools and also natural events (droughts) and other plagues. The colonists had to adapt to climate and soil conditions, gain experience. We have several documents about the fluctuation.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T13:47:20+00:00

5.3.1 Returnees to Poland Nikolaus Oberling (Oberlyn) and his wife Juliana together with Johann Paul and his wife Elisabetha and their daughters Gertruda and Margaretha requested to be allowed to leave Krasna and return to the Polish district of Zamość. The request was submitted on November 5, 1820.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T13:48:43+00:00

5.3.2 Arrival of other colonists Todos Mitrusch/ Metrusch applied for his admission as a settler of Krasna, which was granted on September 28, 1821. Source: Staatsarchive von Odessa Fond 6, Inventory 1,File 1450 Josef Gross and his wife and 9 children from Alsace, emigrated in 1831. He had presented his passport on 15 November 1831 in Kishinev,. In May 1835 he received permission to remain in Krasna. On February 2, 1836, Krasna submitted papers to the Committee for Foreign Settlers in Southe…

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T08:49:59+00:00

5.3.3 Lutheran families from Krasna resettle in Katzbach in 1824/1825 In principle, the Russian government settled only members of the same denomination in each colony. In Krasna, however, Protestant colonists were initially also immigrated and settled. Why this happened is not known to the author in detail.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T09:00:48+00:00

5.3.4 Removal of colonists from Krasna in 1843 This chapter was completely revised by Eduard Volk and copied here in January 2022. . Later, there was again a large group of people who left Krasna. The 1850 Census lists 16 families who left for foreign countries, but does not say for what reasons or where they left.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-30T14:50:16+00:00

5.3.5 Influx of 22 families from Odessa colonies around 1843 Already in the section “1.4 Origin of Krasna ancestors and their migration to Krasna” it was pointed out that a group of the later Krasna families moved from their original homeland Alsace and Baden to the Odessa region between 1803 and 1830. Of this group, 22 families from colonist districts near Odessa (see map below) moved to Krasna around 1843. In Odessa region there was too little land for farmers. Places became available in Kras…

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-06-29T18:04:34+00:00

6 Conclusion With the immigration from the Odessa colonies, the major colonist exchange for Krasna was over. New families still arrived in the village sporadically, but by and large it was the families listed in the 1850 Census that remained permanently in Krasna.

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Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-10-05T10:04:08+00:00