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       <dc:date>2026-09-23T01:20:48+00:00</dc:date>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-23T13:00:43+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>j-07-06-00</title>
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        <description>7.6 Exodus and departures from Krasna

The Bessarabian German families had many children and there was soon a shortage of farmland in the 24 mother colonies because of the increase of population.  This was also the case in Krasna.

As seen in 4.3, Landowners and Landless People in Krasna, the number of the landless people increased steadily.  In 1870, Krasna had 352 men owning land and 285 men without land.  The economic situation without land was difficult and people had to move away in increas…</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-23T15:05:01+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>j-07-14-00</title>
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        <description>7.14 The resettlement families of Krasna

Only heads of household are listed, there is no guarantee for the accuracy and completeness.  These names are listed on a memorial plaque in the chapel of Krasnoe.

See also 9, The Village of Krasna since the German Exodus until Today.

A complete list of all the resettlers can be found in the Heimatbuch der Bessarabiendeutschen, 20 Jahre nach Umsiedlung 1960 (Homeland Book of the Bessarabian Germans, 20 Years after the Resettlement 1060), pages 28ff</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-23T15:00:10+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>j-07-12-00</title>
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        <description>7.12 War dead and missing in action people of Krasna

Since 1874 military service was mandatory for Krasna men.

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Krasna men first had to go to war.  It is not clear if there were casualties.

War Dead of Krasna during the Russo-Japanese War</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-22T11:48:45+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>f-04-04-00</title>
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        <description>4.4 The guilds, trade and bank management in Krasna

As already mentioned elsewhere, agriculture was the backbone of  the Bessarabian economy.  In Krasna some colonists had become wealthy men, as well, but they rarely invested in trades and firms to process agricultural products. Like most well-to-do Bessarabian Germans, they still tried to suppply their sons with land of their own.  This became increasingly more difficult to do.</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-22T06:12:35+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>e-03-01-00</title>
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        <description>3.1 The village of Krasna, its location and appearance

The location

The geographical co-ordinates of Krasna are roughly N 46 degrees 7 minutes, E 29 degrees 14 minutes

(See 3.8, Krasna and its Surroundings)

A Russian document of 1827  says of the location of the colony of Krasna:  The colony is located on a meadow of the Kogälnik River on the right shore.  The community report of 1848 states:  The Kugelnik River flows east to south.  The village is centrally located in the valley and has two…</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-23T09:51:14+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>h-06-02-00</title>
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        <description>6.2 Accidents, brutality, robbery and attacks

As is the case everywhere else, accidents, brutalities, thefts, robberies and attacks did happen in Krasna, as well.  We do not know about all of these events, since there are no police reports, if there were any made back then.  Beginning in 1914 such occurrences were reported in the German language newspapers in North Dakota, where residents sent regular contributions.</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-23T08:47:23+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>g-05-03-00</title>
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        <description>5.3 Culture, Habits and Customs

Village life reflected the work cycles of agriculture, church holidays, habits and customs. It was marked by simplicity, limited possibilities and concentrated mostly around the village and immediate surroundings. Trips to Akkerman, Odessa and Kilia were minor adventures. Aside from work and shopping for home and farm items, there was little room for other activities.  Tradition and Customs were well adhered to.</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-25T07:21:36+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>c-01-03-00</title>
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        <description>1.3 The origins of the German settlers of Bessarabia

The colonization of Bessarabia was virtually the last link in the settlement of Germans in South Russia.

	*  Catherine II ► settlement of the Volga Germans - manifest of July 22, 1763
	*  Alexander I ► settlement of the Black Sea Region to the South Caucasus manifest of February 20, 1804</description>
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        <dc:date>2019-05-23T12:35:02+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>j-07-03-00</title>
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        <description>7.3 Krasna Immigrant Families

There were four groups of immigrant families:
See also 1.3, The Origin of the German Colonists of Bessarabia

	*  German origin colonists from Warsaw (Poland)
	*  Polish origin colonists from Warsaw (Poland)
	*  Immigrants from other Bessarabian colonies
	*  Immigrants from Odessa colonies around 1840</description>
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