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4.1 Beginning of the history of Krasna
The actual history of Krasna began with the Tsar's appeal of 29. 11. 1813 to the Germans in the Duchy of Warsaw.
Many German settlers were in a desperate situation in the Duchy of Warsaw as described above. When the Russians came to Poland in 1813, these settlers had gone through very troubled/difficult times:
- 1807 and 1809 change from Prussian and Austrian dominions, respectively, to Polish.
- Napoleonic wars brought them a lot of suffering. Especially in the Zamość region in 1809 there were several battles of Napoleon against Austria, during which their fields were devastated, they had to provide for the soldiers.
- In 1812 there followed troop passages, requisitions, plundering during Napoleon's campaign to Russia and during the return of the defeated French army to the west.
The Czar had become aware of their dismal situation in pursuit of Napoleon's Grande Armée as it retreated from its Russian campaign. He made them a tempting offer.
In his appeal of November 29, 1813, Tsar Alexander assured German settlers who wished to settle as colonists in Bessarabia of land and freedom rights “in perpetuity.”
Call to the Germans in the Duchy of Warsaw of November 29, 1813
to a “voluntary emigration to Russia.”
The rights and duties of emigrants are summarized in nine points. They read (from I. Wagner):
- The Russian government takes the colonists from the Duchy of Warsaw under its special protection and grants them all the rights and conveniences which the natives enjoy.
- The colonists are required to give preference to the improvement of horticulture, viticulture and silk cultivation.
- They are exempt from all dues and land taxes for ten years.
- There will be paid to each poor family by the Crown for ten years 270 rubles banco; to the others as much as will be necessary for their first establishment.
- Each family will be allotted 60 dessjatines of land (60 dessjatines “one economy” = 65.5 hectares) for their personal and hereditary property.
- In addition, all those who do not have food will receive 5 kopecks of food money per day for each soul from the day of their arrival in Russia until the first harvest.
- The immigrants, as well as their descendants, are once and for all exempt from conscription, as well as from military quartering, except in the case of marches.
- The colonists shall be free to build churches according to their religion, to keep clergy, and to practice their religious customs according to their ways.
- At the expiration of the ten years, another ten years shall be determined, during which the support granted to the colonists shall be repaid to the Crown.
en/ebook/herkunft/f-00-01-10.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/29 12:21 by Otto Riehl Herausgeber
