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en:krasna:f-04-01-02

4.1.2 Wine cultivation (Viniculture)

A few years after settlement the Krasna colonists began wine cultivation. Coming mainly from the wine growing county of the Palatinate in Germany, they already had the know-how. In 1825 there were already 9,340 productive grape vines. Two years later, the Statistical Description of Bessarabia and the so-called Budschak already mentions an area of 127 desjatines for wine cultivation and notes that all 114 farms had vinyards.

The colonial administration furthered wine cultivation. It criticized in 1827 1) Although each colony has vinyards, the colonists are not taking exceptional care of them and the yards hardly produce any wine. It is noted, however, that the local soil and climate are excellent for wine production. Each vinyard produces well in the third year already, if enough care is used.

The community report of 1848 notes wine cultivation (See text under 10.2 Documents and Reports about Life in Krasna): In 1848, 48 farmers from the village established a vinyard and cultivated 1,500 grape vines, each. There was an excellent wine harvest in 1847. (There is a contradiction and it should probably say 1840 instead of 1848 at the beginning of the sentence. See text below by E. Ruscheinsky).

E. Ruschiensky notes: 2) Wine cultivation began in 1840. In this year 58 farmers started vinyards of 1,500 vines, each, east of the village in the Nede Valley on a slope, which did very well. The wine louse plague arrived in 1906 and by 1909 all the vines had died. Krasna was without wine until the World War. During the War and afterwards the farmers planted self carriers, which produced little wine.

These direct carriers (hybrids) were imported from America. The main varieties were Seibel (Saiber), Taras and Couderc. These were mass producers but the wine produced was just good enough for home use and the wine was not storeable for more than a year.
The winter of 1928/1929 killed the grapevines by frost. In the following spring new grapes were planted, but the wine still was damaged tremendously by climactic conditions. The Rumanian parliament passed a law in 1931 which forbade hybrid grapes from being planted. New fields could no longer be established and existing ones had to be destroyed within a given time period. People not compliant with the law were fined 25-50 lei per vine, which was then destroyed, as well. It caused a difficult situation for the Bessarabians Germans, because the type of grape encouraged by the government then was expensive and the villages had no money.
See 2.4, Belonging to Rumania and the Soviet Union (1918-1940)

In 1940, Krasna had vinyards especially in the Nede Valley, on the Heuschlager Mountain slopes and the Mittelberg Mountain. Wine was harvested around the middle of September. Wine was produced mainly for home use. Wine production had no significance for the economy.
Ferdinand Waner published an article titled “About Wine Cultivation of the Germans in Bessarabia” in the Bessarabian Homeland Calender (Bessarabischer Heimatkalender) 1952, pages 71-75

1)
“Representative Bessarabian statistics and the so-called Budschak” provided for the years 1822-1828. Stuttgart, Mühlacker: Heimatmuseum der Deutschen aus Bessarabien, 1969
2)
Chronik der Gemeinde Krasna (Chronicle of the Krasna Community), as found in the Farmers Calendar 1939
en/krasna/f-04-01-02.txt · Last modified: 2019/05/22 12:05 by Otto Riehl Herausgeber